gnc-datetime.cpp

/********************************************************************\
 * gnc-datetime.cpp -- Date and Time classes for GnuCash            *
 *                                                                  *
 * Copyright 2015 John Ralls <jralls@ceridwen.us>                   *
 *                                                                  *
 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or    *
 * modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as   *
 * published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of   *
 * the License, or (at your option) any later version.              *
 *                                                                  *
 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,  *
 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of   *
 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the    *
 * GNU General Public License for more details.                     *
 *                                                                  *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License*
 * along with this program; if not, contact:                        *
 *                                                                  *
 * Free Software Foundation           Voice:  +1-617-542-5942       *
 * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor    Fax:    +1-617-542-2652       *
 * Boston, MA  02110-1301,  USA       gnu@gnu.org                   *
 *                                                                  *
\********************************************************************/
 
#include <config.h>
#include "platform.h"
#include <boost/date_time/gregorian/gregorian.hpp>
#include <boost/date_time/posix_time/posix_time.hpp>
#include <boost/date_time/local_time/local_time.hpp>
#include <boost/locale.hpp>
#include <boost/regex.hpp>
#include <stdexcept>
#include <unicode/smpdtfmt.h>
#include <unicode/locid.h>
#include <unicode/udat.h>
#include <unicode/parsepos.h>
#include <unicode/calendar.h>
#include <libintl.h>
#include <locale.h>
#include<chrono>
#include <map>
#include <memory>
#include <iostream>
#include <sstream>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <optional>
#include <charconv>
#ifdef __MINGW32__
#include <codecvt>
#endif
#include <gnc-locale-utils.hpp>
#include "gnc-timezone.hpp"
#include "gnc-datetime.hpp"
 
#define N_(string) string //So that xgettext will find it
 
using PTZ = boost::local_time::posix_time_zone;
using Date = boost::gregorian::date;
using Month = boost::gregorian::greg_month;
using PTime = boost::posix_time::ptime;
using LDT = boost::local_time::local_date_time;
using Duration = boost::posix_time::time_duration;
using LDTBase = boost::local_time::local_date_time_base<PTime, boost::date_time::time_zone_base<PTime, char>>;
using boost::date_time::not_a_date_time;
using time64 = int64_t;
 
static const TimeZoneProvider ltzp;
static const TimeZoneProvider* tzp = &ltzp;
 
// For converting to/from POSIX time.
static const PTime unix_epoch (Date(1970, boost::gregorian::Jan, 1),
        boost::posix_time::seconds(0));
static const TZ_Ptr utc_zone(new boost::local_time::posix_time_zone("UTC-0"));
 
/* Backdoor to enable unittests to temporarily override the timezone: */
void _set_tzp(TimeZoneProvider& tz);
void _reset_tzp();
 
static Date gregorian_date_from_locale_string (const std::string& str);
 
/* To ensure things aren't overly screwed up by setting the nanosecond clock for boost::date_time. Don't do it, though, it doesn't get us anything and slows down the date/time library. */
#ifndef BOOST_DATE_TIME_HAS_NANOSECONDS
static constexpr auto ticks_per_second = INT64_C(1000000);
#else
static constexpr auto ticks_per_second = INT64_C(1000000000);
#endif
 
/* Vector of date formats understood by gnucash and corresponding regex
 * and/or string->gregorian_date to parse each from an external source
 * Note: while the format names are using a "-" as separator, the
 * regexes will accept any of "-/.' " and will also work for dates
 * without separators.
 */
const std::vector<GncDateFormat> GncDate::c_formats ({
    GncDateFormat {
        N_("y-m-d"),
        boost::gregorian::from_string,
        "(?:"                                   // either y-m-d
        "(?<YEAR>[0-9]+)[-/.' ]+"
        "(?<MONTH>[0-9]+)[-/.' ]+"
        "(?<DAY>[0-9]+)"
        "|"                                     // or CCYYMMDD
        "(?<YEAR>[0-9]{4})"
        "(?<MONTH>[0-9]{2})"
        "(?<DAY>[0-9]{2})"
        ")"
    },
    GncDateFormat {
        N_("d-m-y"),
        boost::gregorian::from_uk_string,
        "(?:"                                   // either d-m-y
        "(?<DAY>[0-9]+)[-/.' ]+"
        "(?<MONTH>[0-9]+)[-/.' ]+"
        "(?<YEAR>[0-9]+)"
        "|"                                     // or DDMMCCYY
        "(?<DAY>[0-9]{2})"
        "(?<MONTH>[0-9]{2})"
        "(?<YEAR>[0-9]{4})"
        ")"
    },
    GncDateFormat {
        N_("m-d-y"),
        boost::gregorian::from_us_string,
        "(?:"                                   // either m-d-y
        "(?<MONTH>[0-9]+)[-/.' ]+"
        "(?<DAY>[0-9]+)[-/.' ]+"
        "(?<YEAR>[0-9]+)"
        "|"                                     // or MMDDCCYY
        "(?<MONTH>[0-9]{2})"
        "(?<DAY>[0-9]{2})"
        "(?<YEAR>[0-9]{4})"
        ")"
    },
    // Note year is still checked for in the regexes below
    // This is to be able to raise an error if one is found for a yearless date format
    GncDateFormat {
        (N_("d-m")),
        "(?:"                                   // either d-m(-y)
        "(?<DAY>[0-9]+)[-/.' ]+"
        "(?<MONTH>[0-9]+)(?:[-/.' ]+"
        "(?<YEAR>[0-9]+))?"
        "|"                                     // or DDMM(CCYY)
        "(?<DAY>[0-9]{2})"
        "(?<MONTH>[0-9]{2})"
        "(?<YEAR>[0-9]+)?"
        ")"
    },
    GncDateFormat {
        (N_("m-d")),
        "(?:"                                   // either m-d(-y)
        "(?<MONTH>[0-9]+)[-/.' ]+"
        "(?<DAY>[0-9]+)(?:[-/.' ]+"
        "(?<YEAR>[0-9]+))?"
        "|"                                     // or MMDD(CCYY)
        "(?<MONTH>[0-9]{2})"
        "(?<DAY>[0-9]{2})"
        "(?<YEAR>[0-9]+)?"
        ")"
    },
    GncDateFormat { N_("Locale"), gregorian_date_from_locale_string },
});
 
static LDT
LDT_from_unix_local(const time64 time)
{
    try
    {
        PTime temp(unix_epoch.date(),
                   boost::posix_time::hours(time / 3600) +
                   boost::posix_time::seconds(time % 3600));
        auto tz = tzp->get(temp.date().year());
        return LDT(temp, tz);
    }
    catch(boost::gregorian::bad_year&)
    {
        throw(std::invalid_argument("Time value is outside the supported year range."));
    }
    catch(std::out_of_range&)
    {
        throw(std::invalid_argument("Time value is outside the supported year range."));
    }
}
/* If a date-time falls in a DST transition the LDT constructor will
 * fail because either the date-time doesn't exist (when starting DST
 * because the transition skips an hour) or is ambiguous (when ending
 * because the transition hour is repeated). We try again an hour
 * later to be outside the DST transition. When starting DST that's
 * now the correct time but at the end of DST we need to set the
 * returned time back an hour.
 */
static LDT
LDT_with_pushup(const Date& tdate, const Duration& tdur, const TZ_Ptr tz,
                 bool putback)
{
    static const boost::posix_time::hours pushup{1};
    LDT ldt{tdate, tdur + pushup, tz, LDTBase::NOT_DATE_TIME_ON_ERROR};
    if (ldt.is_special())
    {
        std::string error{"Couldn't create a valid datetime at "};
        error += to_simple_string(tdate) + " ";
        error += to_simple_string(tdur) + " TZ ";
        error += tz->std_zone_abbrev();
        throw(std::invalid_argument{error});
    }
    if (putback)
        ldt -= pushup;
    return ldt;
}
 
static LDT
LDT_from_date_time(const Date& tdate, const Duration& tdur, const TZ_Ptr tz)
{
 
    try
    {
        LDT ldt(tdate, tdur, tz, LDTBase::EXCEPTION_ON_ERROR);
        return ldt;
    }
    catch (const boost::local_time::time_label_invalid& err)
    {
        return LDT_with_pushup(tdate, tdur, tz, false);
    }
 
    catch (const boost::local_time::ambiguous_result& err)
    {
        return LDT_with_pushup(tdate, tdur, tz, true);
    }
 
    catch(boost::gregorian::bad_year&)
    {
        throw(std::invalid_argument("Time value is outside the supported year range."));
    }
    catch(std::out_of_range&)
    {
        throw(std::invalid_argument("Time value is outside the supported year range."));
    }
 
}
 
static LDT
LDT_from_date_daypart(const Date& date, DayPart part, const TZ_Ptr tz)
{
    using hours = boost::posix_time::hours;
 
    static const Duration day_begin{0, 0, 0};
    static const Duration day_neutral{10, 59, 0};
    static const Duration day_end{23, 59, 59};
 
 
    switch (part)
    {
    case DayPart::start:
        return LDT_from_date_time(date, day_begin, tz);
    case DayPart::end:
        return LDT_from_date_time(date, day_end, tz);
    default: // To stop gcc from emitting a control reaches end of non-void function.
    case DayPart::neutral:
        PTime pt{date, day_neutral};
        LDT lt{pt, tz};
        auto offset = lt.local_time() - lt.utc_time();
        if (offset < hours(-10))
            lt -= hours(offset.hours() + 10);
        if (offset > hours(13))
            lt += hours(13 - offset.hours());
        return lt;
    }
}
 
static LDT
LDT_from_struct_tm(const struct tm tm)
{
    try
    {
        Date tdate{boost::gregorian::date_from_tm(tm)};
        Duration tdur{boost::posix_time::time_duration(tm.tm_hour, tm.tm_min,
                                                       tm.tm_sec, 0)};
        TZ_Ptr tz{tzp->get(tdate.year())};
        return LDT_from_date_time(tdate, tdur, tz);
    }
    catch(const boost::gregorian::bad_year&)
    {
        throw(std::invalid_argument{"Time value is outside the supported year range."});
    }
    catch(std::out_of_range&)
    {
        throw(std::invalid_argument("Time value is outside the supported year range."));
    }
}
 
void
_set_tzp(TimeZoneProvider& new_tzp)
{
    tzp = &new_tzp;
}
 
void
_reset_tzp()
{
    tzp = &ltzp;
}
 
class GncDateTimeImpl
{
public:
  /* Boost::date_time's localtime function relies on the C library's, so it may
   * suffer from the 2038 failure. std::chrono is supposed to be immune to that.
   */
    GncDateTimeImpl() : m_time(LDT_from_unix_local(std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::seconds>(std::chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count())) {}
    GncDateTimeImpl(const time64 time) : m_time(LDT_from_unix_local(time)) {}
    GncDateTimeImpl(const struct tm tm) : m_time(LDT_from_struct_tm(tm)) {}
    GncDateTimeImpl(const GncDateImpl& date, DayPart part = DayPart::neutral);
    GncDateTimeImpl(const std::string& str) : GncDateTimeImpl (str.c_str()) {};
    GncDateTimeImpl(const char* str);
    GncDateTimeImpl(PTime&& pt) : m_time(pt, tzp->get(pt.date().year())) {}
    GncDateTimeImpl(LDT&& ldt) : m_time(ldt) {}
 
    operator time64() const;
    operator struct tm() const;
    void now() { m_time = boost::local_time::local_sec_clock::local_time(tzp->get(boost::gregorian::day_clock::local_day().year())); }
    long offset() const;
    struct tm utc_tm() const { return to_tm(m_time.utc_time()); }
    std::unique_ptr<GncDateImpl> date() const;
    std::string format(const char* format) const;
    std::string format_zulu(const char* format) const;
    std::string format_iso8601() const;
    static std::string timestamp();
private:
    LDT m_time;
};
 
class GncDateImpl
{
public:
    GncDateImpl(): m_greg(boost::gregorian::day_clock::local_day()) {}
    GncDateImpl(const int year, const int month, const int day) :
    m_greg(year, static_cast<Month>(month), day) {}
    GncDateImpl(Date d) : m_greg(d) {}
    GncDateImpl(const std::string str, const std::string fmt);
 
    void today() { m_greg = boost::gregorian::day_clock::local_day(); }
    gnc_ymd year_month_day() const;
    std::string format(const char* format) const;
    std::string format_zulu(const char* format) const {
    return this->format(format);
    }
private:
    Date m_greg;
 
    friend GncDateTimeImpl::GncDateTimeImpl(const GncDateImpl&, DayPart);
    friend bool operator<(const GncDateImpl&, const GncDateImpl&);
    friend bool operator>(const GncDateImpl&, const GncDateImpl&);
    friend bool operator==(const GncDateImpl&, const GncDateImpl&);
    friend bool operator<=(const GncDateImpl&, const GncDateImpl&);
    friend bool operator>=(const GncDateImpl&, const GncDateImpl&);
    friend bool operator!=(const GncDateImpl&, const GncDateImpl&);
};
 
/* Needs to be separately defined so that the friend decl can grant
 * access to date.m_greg.
 */
GncDateTimeImpl::GncDateTimeImpl(const GncDateImpl& date, DayPart part) :
    m_time{LDT_from_date_daypart(date.m_greg, part,
                                 tzp->get(date.m_greg.year()))} {}
 
/* Member function definitions for GncDateTimeImpl.
 */
 
static bool
parse_chars_into_num (const char* ptr, const char *end_ptr, int32_t& rv) noexcept
{
    auto result = std::from_chars (ptr, end_ptr, rv);
    return (result.ec == std::errc() && result.ptr == end_ptr);
}
 
static std::optional<PTime>
fast_iso8601_utc_parse (const char* str)
{
    int32_t year, month, mday, hour, min, sec;
    const size_t len = str ? strnlen (str, 26) : 0;
 
    // parse iso-8601 utc format "YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS +0000"
    constexpr size_t expanded_iso_string_len = 25;
    if (len == expanded_iso_string_len &&
        parse_chars_into_num (str,      str +  4, year)  && str[ 4] == '-' &&
        parse_chars_into_num (str +  5, str +  7, month) && str[ 7] == '-' &&
        parse_chars_into_num (str +  8, str + 10, mday)  && str[10] == ' ' &&
        parse_chars_into_num (str + 11, str + 13, hour)  && str[13] == ':' &&
        parse_chars_into_num (str + 14, str + 16, min)   && str[16] == ':' &&
        parse_chars_into_num (str + 17, str + 19, sec)   && str[19] == ' ' &&
        !strcmp (str + 20, "+0000"))
    {
        return PTime (boost::gregorian::date (year, month, mday),
                      boost::posix_time::time_duration (hour, min, sec));
    }
 
    // parse compressed iso-8601 format "YYYYMMDDHHMMSS"
    constexpr size_t compact_iso_string_len = 14;
    if (len == compact_iso_string_len &&
        parse_chars_into_num (str,      str +  4, year)  &&
        parse_chars_into_num (str +  4, str +  6, month) &&
        parse_chars_into_num (str +  6, str +  8, mday)  &&
        parse_chars_into_num (str +  8, str + 10, hour)  &&
        parse_chars_into_num (str + 10, str + 12, min)   &&
        parse_chars_into_num (str + 12, str + 14, sec))
    {
        return PTime (boost::gregorian::date (year, month, mday),
                      boost::posix_time::time_duration (hour, min, sec));
    }
 
    return {};
}
 
static TZ_Ptr
tz_from_string(std::string str)
{
    if (str.empty()) return utc_zone;
    std::string tzstr = "XXX" + str;
    if (tzstr.length() > 6 && tzstr[6] != ':') //6 for XXXsHH, s is + or -
        tzstr.insert(6, ":");
    if (tzstr.length() > 9 && tzstr[9] != ':') //9 for XXXsHH:MM
    {
        tzstr.insert(9, ":");
    }
    return TZ_Ptr(new PTZ(tzstr));
}
 
GncDateTimeImpl::GncDateTimeImpl(const char* str) :
    m_time(unix_epoch, utc_zone)
{
    if (!str || !str[0]) return;
    TZ_Ptr tzptr;
    try
    {
        if (auto res = fast_iso8601_utc_parse (str))
        {
            m_time = LDT_from_date_time(res->date(), res->time_of_day(), utc_zone);
            return;
        }
        static const boost::regex delim_iso("^(\\d{4}-\\d{2}-\\d{2} \\d{2}:\\d{2}:\\d{2}(?:\\.\\d{0,9})?)\\s*([+-]\\d{2}(?::?\\d{2})?)?$");
        static const boost::regex non_delim("^(\\d{14}(?:\\.\\d{0,9})?)\\s*([+-]\\d{2}\\s*(:?\\d{2})?)?$");
        PTime pdt;
        boost::cmatch sm;
        if (regex_match(str, sm, non_delim))
        {
            std::string time_str(sm[1]);
            time_str.insert(8, "T");
            pdt = boost::posix_time::from_iso_string(time_str);
        }
        else if (regex_match(str, sm, delim_iso))
        {
            pdt = boost::posix_time::time_from_string(sm[1]);
        }
        else
        {
            throw(std::invalid_argument("The date string was not formatted in a way that GncDateTime(const char*) knows how to parse."));
        }
        std::string tzstr("");
        if (sm[2].matched)
            tzstr += sm[2];
        tzptr = tz_from_string(tzstr);
        m_time = LDT_from_date_time(pdt.date(), pdt.time_of_day(), tzptr);
    }
    catch(boost::gregorian::bad_year&)
    {
        throw(std::invalid_argument("The date string was outside of the supported year range."));
    }
    catch(std::out_of_range&)
    {
        throw(std::invalid_argument("The date string was outside of the supported year range."));
    }
    /* Bug 767824: A GLib bug in parsing the UTC timezone on Windows may have
     * created a bogus timezone of a random number of minutes. Since there are
     * no fractional-hour timezones around the prime meridian we can safely
     * check for this in files by resetting to UTC if there's a
     * less-than-an-hour offset.
     */
    auto offset = tzptr->base_utc_offset().seconds();
    if (offset != 0 && std::abs(offset) < 3600)
        m_time = m_time.local_time_in(utc_zone);
}
 
GncDateTimeImpl::operator time64() const
{
    auto duration = m_time.utc_time() - unix_epoch;
    auto secs = duration.ticks();
    secs /= ticks_per_second;
    return secs;
}
 
GncDateTimeImpl::operator struct tm() const
{
    struct tm time = to_tm(m_time);
#if HAVE_STRUCT_TM_GMTOFF
    time.tm_gmtoff = offset();
#endif
    return time;
}
 
long
GncDateTimeImpl::offset() const
{
    auto offset = m_time.local_time() - m_time.utc_time();
    return offset.total_seconds();
}
 
std::unique_ptr<GncDateImpl>
GncDateTimeImpl::date() const
{
    return std::unique_ptr<GncDateImpl>(new GncDateImpl(m_time.local_time().date()));
}
 
/* The 'O', 'E', and '-' format modifiers are not supported by
 * boost's output facets. Remove them.
 */
static inline std::string
normalize_format (const std::string& format)
{
    bool is_pct = false;
    std::string normalized;
    std::remove_copy_if(
        format.begin(), format.end(), back_inserter(normalized),
        [&is_pct](char e){
            bool r = (is_pct && (e == 'E' || e == 'O' || e == '-'));
            is_pct = e == '%';
            return r;
        });
    return normalized;
}
#ifdef __MINGW32__
constexpr size_t DATEBUFLEN = 100;
static std::string
win_date_format(std::string format, struct tm tm)
{
#pragma GCC diagnostic push
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wdeprecated-declarations"
    wchar_t buf[DATEBUFLEN];
    memset(buf, 0, DATEBUFLEN * sizeof(wchar_t));
    std::wstring_convert<std::codecvt_utf8_utf16<wchar_t>, wchar_t> conv;
    [[maybe_unused]] auto numchars = wcsftime(buf, DATEBUFLEN - 1, conv.from_bytes(format).c_str(), &tm);
    return conv.to_bytes(buf);
#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
}
 
/* Microsoft's strftime uses the time zone flags differently from
 * boost::date_time so we need to handle any before passing the
 * format string to strftime.
 */
inline std::string
win_format_tz_abbrev (std::string format, TZ_Ptr tz, bool is_dst)
{
    size_t pos = format.find("%z");
    if (pos != std::string::npos)
    {
    auto tzabbr = tz->has_dst() && is_dst ? tz->dst_zone_abbrev() :
        tz->std_zone_abbrev();
    format.replace(pos, 2, tzabbr);
    }
    return format;
}
 
inline std::string
win_format_tz_name (std::string format, TZ_Ptr tz, bool is_dst)
{
    size_t pos = format.find("%Z");
    if (pos != std::string::npos)
    {
    auto tzname =  tz->has_dst() && is_dst ? tz->dst_zone_name() :
        tz->std_zone_name();
    format.replace(pos, 2, tzname);
    }
    return format;
}
 
inline std::string
win_format_tz_posix (std::string format, TZ_Ptr tz)
{
    size_t pos = format.find("%ZP");
    if (pos != std::string::npos)
    format.replace(pos, 2, tz->to_posix_string());
    return format;
}
 
#endif
std::string
GncDateTimeImpl::format(const char* format) const
{
#ifdef __MINGW32__
    auto tz = m_time.zone();
    auto tm =  static_cast<struct tm>(*this);
    auto sformat = win_format_tz_abbrev(format, tz, tm.tm_isdst);
    sformat = win_format_tz_name(sformat, tz, tm.tm_isdst);
    sformat = win_format_tz_posix(sformat, tz);
    return win_date_format(sformat, tm);
#else
    using Facet = boost::local_time::local_time_facet;
    auto output_facet(new Facet(normalize_format(format).c_str()));
    std::stringstream ss;
    ss.imbue(std::locale(gnc_get_locale(), output_facet));
    ss << m_time;
    return ss.str();
#endif
}
 
std::string
GncDateTimeImpl::format_zulu(const char* format) const
{
#ifdef __MINGW32__
    auto tz = utc_zone;
    auto tm =  static_cast<struct tm>(*this);
    auto sformat = win_format_tz_abbrev(format, tz, tm.tm_isdst);
    sformat = win_format_tz_name(sformat, tz, tm.tm_isdst);
    sformat = win_format_tz_posix(sformat, tz);
    return win_date_format(sformat, utc_tm());
#else
    using Facet = boost::local_time::local_time_facet;
    auto zulu_time = LDT{m_time.utc_time(), utc_zone};
    auto output_facet(new Facet(normalize_format(format).c_str()));
    std::stringstream ss;
    ss.imbue(std::locale(gnc_get_locale(), output_facet));
    ss << zulu_time;
    return ss.str();
#endif
}
 
std::string
GncDateTimeImpl::format_iso8601() const
{
    auto str = boost::posix_time::to_iso_extended_string(m_time.utc_time());
    str[10] = ' ';
    return str.substr(0, 19);
}
 
std::string
GncDateTimeImpl::timestamp()
{
    GncDateTimeImpl gdt;
    auto str = boost::posix_time::to_iso_string(gdt.m_time.local_time());
    return str.substr(0, 8) + str.substr(9, 15);
}
 
struct ICUResources
{
    std::unique_ptr<icu::DateFormat> formatter;
    std::unique_ptr<icu::Calendar> calendar;
};
 
static ICUResources&
get_icu_resources()
{
    static ICUResources rv;
 
    if (!rv.formatter)
    {
        icu::Locale locale;
        if (auto lc_time_locale = setlocale (LC_TIME, nullptr))
        {
            std::string localeStr(lc_time_locale);
            if (size_t dotPos = localeStr.find('.'); dotPos != std::string::npos)
                localeStr = localeStr.substr(0, dotPos);
 
            locale = icu::Locale::createCanonical (localeStr.c_str());
        }
 
        rv.formatter.reset(icu::DateFormat::createDateInstance(icu::DateFormat::kDefault, locale));
        if (!rv.formatter)
            throw std::invalid_argument("Cannot create date formatter.");
 
        UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
        rv.calendar.reset(icu::Calendar::createInstance(locale, status));
        if (U_FAILURE(status))
            throw std::invalid_argument("Cannot create calendar instance.");
 
        rv.calendar->setLenient(false);
    }
 
    return rv;
}
 
static Date
gregorian_date_from_locale_string (const std::string& str)
{
    ICUResources& resources = get_icu_resources();
 
    icu::UnicodeString input = icu::UnicodeString::fromUTF8(str);
    icu::ParsePosition parsePos;
    UDate date = resources.formatter->parse(input, parsePos);
    if (parsePos.getErrorIndex() != -1 || parsePos.getIndex() != input.length())
        throw std::invalid_argument ("Cannot parse string");
 
    UErrorCode status = U_ZERO_ERROR;
    resources.calendar->setTime(date, status);
    if (U_FAILURE(status))
        throw std::invalid_argument ("Cannot set calendar time");
 
    return Date (resources.calendar->get(UCAL_YEAR, status),
                 resources.calendar->get(UCAL_MONTH, status) + 1,
                 resources.calendar->get(UCAL_DATE, status));
}
 
/* Member function definitions for GncDateImpl.
 */
GncDateImpl::GncDateImpl(const std::string str, const std::string fmt) :
    m_greg(boost::gregorian::day_clock::local_day()) /* Temporarily initialized to today, will be used and adjusted in the code below */
{
    auto iter = std::find_if(GncDate::c_formats.cbegin(), GncDate::c_formats.cend(),
                             [&fmt](const GncDateFormat& v){ return (v.m_fmt == fmt); } );
    if (iter == GncDate::c_formats.cend())
        throw std::invalid_argument(N_("Unknown date format specifier passed as argument."));
 
    if (iter->m_str_to_date)
    {
        try
        {
            m_greg = (*iter->m_str_to_date)(str);
            return;
        }
        catch (...) {}          // with any string->date exception, try regex
    }
 
    if (iter->m_re.empty())
        throw std::invalid_argument ("No regex pattern available");
 
    boost::smatch what;
    if(!boost::regex_search(str, what, iter->m_re))  // regex didn't find a match
        throw std::invalid_argument (N_("Value can't be parsed into a date using the selected date format."));
 
    // Bail out if a year was found with a yearless format specifier
    auto fmt_has_year = (fmt.find('y') != std::string::npos);
    if (!fmt_has_year && (what.length("YEAR") != 0))
        throw std::invalid_argument (N_("Value appears to contain a year while the selected format forbids this."));
 
    int year;
    if (fmt_has_year)
    {
        /* The input dates have a year, so use that one */
        year = std::stoi (what.str("YEAR"));
 
        /* We assume two-digit years to be in the range 1969 - 2068. */
        if (year < 69)
                year += 2000;
        else if (year < 100)
                year += 1900;
    }
    else /* The input dates have no year, so use current year */
        year = m_greg.year(); // Can use m_greg here as it was already initialized in the initializer list earlier
 
    m_greg = Date(year,
                  static_cast<Month>(std::stoi (what.str("MONTH"))),
                  std::stoi (what.str("DAY")));
}
 
gnc_ymd
GncDateImpl::year_month_day() const
{
    auto boost_ymd = m_greg.year_month_day();
    return {boost_ymd.year, boost_ymd.month.as_number(), boost_ymd.day};
}
 
std::string
GncDateImpl::format(const char* format) const
{
#ifdef __MINGW32__
    return win_date_format(format, to_tm(m_greg));
#else
    using Facet = boost::gregorian::date_facet;
    std::stringstream ss;
    //The stream destructor frees the facet, so it must be heap-allocated.
    auto output_facet(new Facet(normalize_format(format).c_str()));
    ss.imbue(std::locale(gnc_get_locale(), output_facet));
    ss << m_greg;
    return ss.str();
#endif
}
 
bool operator<(const GncDateImpl& a, const GncDateImpl& b) { return a.m_greg < b.m_greg; }
bool operator>(const GncDateImpl& a, const GncDateImpl& b) { return a.m_greg > b.m_greg; }
bool operator==(const GncDateImpl& a, const GncDateImpl& b) { return a.m_greg == b.m_greg; }
bool operator<=(const GncDateImpl& a, const GncDateImpl& b) { return a.m_greg <= b.m_greg; }
bool operator>=(const GncDateImpl& a, const GncDateImpl& b) { return a.m_greg >= b.m_greg; }
bool operator!=(const GncDateImpl& a, const GncDateImpl& b) { return a.m_greg != b.m_greg; }
 
/* =================== Presentation-class Implementations ====================*/
/* GncDateTime */
 
GncDateTime::GncDateTime() : m_impl(new GncDateTimeImpl) {}
GncDateTime::GncDateTime(const time64 time) :
    m_impl(new GncDateTimeImpl(time)) {}
GncDateTime::GncDateTime(const struct tm tm) :
    m_impl(new GncDateTimeImpl(tm)) {}
GncDateTime::GncDateTime(const std::string& str) :
    m_impl(new GncDateTimeImpl(str)) {}
GncDateTime::GncDateTime(const char* str) :
    m_impl(new GncDateTimeImpl(str)) {}
GncDateTime::~GncDateTime() = default;
 
GncDateTime::GncDateTime(const GncDate& date, DayPart part) :
    m_impl(new GncDateTimeImpl(*(date.m_impl), part)) {}
 
void
GncDateTime::now()
{
    m_impl->now();
}
 
GncDateTime::operator time64() const
{
    return m_impl->operator time64();
}
 
GncDateTime::operator struct tm() const
{
    return m_impl->operator struct tm();
}
 
long
GncDateTime::offset() const
{
    return m_impl->offset();
}
 
struct tm
GncDateTime::utc_tm() const
{
    return m_impl->utc_tm();
}
 
GncDate
GncDateTime::date() const
{
    return GncDate(m_impl->date());
}
 
std::string
GncDateTime::format(const char* format) const
{
    return m_impl->format(format);
}
 
std::string
GncDateTime::format_zulu(const char* format) const
{
    return m_impl->format_zulu(format);
}
 
std::string
GncDateTime::format_iso8601() const
{
    return m_impl->format_iso8601();
}
 
std::string
GncDateTime::timestamp()
{
    return GncDateTimeImpl::timestamp();
}
 
/* GncDate */
GncDate::GncDate() : m_impl{new GncDateImpl} {}
GncDate::GncDate(int year, int month, int day) :
m_impl(new GncDateImpl(year, month, day)) {}
GncDate::GncDate(const std::string str, const std::string fmt) :
m_impl(new GncDateImpl(str, fmt)) {}
GncDate::GncDate(std::unique_ptr<GncDateImpl> impl) :
m_impl(std::move(impl)) {}
GncDate::GncDate(const GncDate& a) :
m_impl(new GncDateImpl(*a.m_impl)) {}
GncDate::GncDate(GncDate&&) = default;
GncDate::~GncDate() = default;
 
GncDate&
GncDate::operator=(const GncDate& a)
{
    m_impl.reset(new GncDateImpl(*a.m_impl));
    return *this;
}
GncDate&
GncDate::operator=(GncDate&&) = default;
 
void
GncDate::today()
{
    m_impl->today();
}
 
std::string
GncDate::format(const char* format)
{
    return m_impl->format(format);
}
 
gnc_ymd
GncDate::year_month_day() const
{
    return m_impl->year_month_day();
}
 
bool operator<(const GncDate& a, const GncDate& b) { return *(a.m_impl) < *(b.m_impl); }
bool operator>(const GncDate& a, const GncDate& b) { return *(a.m_impl) > *(b.m_impl); }
bool operator==(const GncDate& a, const GncDate& b) { return *(a.m_impl) == *(b.m_impl); }
bool operator<=(const GncDate& a, const GncDate& b) { return *(a.m_impl) <= *(b.m_impl); }
bool operator>=(const GncDate& a, const GncDate& b) { return *(a.m_impl) >= *(b.m_impl); }
bool operator!=(const GncDate& a, const GncDate& b) { return *(a.m_impl) != *(b.m_impl); }